Abstract
The effect of humidification of the air on the performance of a compression ignition engine operating on diesel, biodiesel with nano additives was investigated. The experiment was carried out on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, naturally aspirated water-cooled, direct injection Ricardo (E6/US) diesel engine at a constant speed of 1800 rpm, and varying loads. A mixture of Biodiesel (waste cooking oil) and diesel fuel by four ratios (B5, B10, B15, and B20) was used in the experiment. Besides, five concentrations of Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3, with particle size 20 nm) as fuel-additives were prepared (10 ppm, 30 ppm, 50 ppm, 70 ppm, and 100 ppm), and added to the test fuels (Bio-Diesel). Taguchi Method by DOE was used for the optimization in this investigation. The results of Taguchi Method experiments identified the biodiesel (B20), nano additive (100 ppm), relative humidity (65%). The experimental results manifested that BTE improved by 17.62% and BSFC decreased by 12.72%, while NOx and PM reduced by 8.45%, 24.17%, respectively.
Highlights
The mindfulness of energy concerns and environmental glitches correlated to the burning of petroleum-based fuels has fortified numerous researchers to examine the opportunity of utilizing nonconventional energy sources, as an alternate fuel source to fossil fuels and their derivatives [1,2]
I. engine has some limitations, such as an increase in fuel consumption, lower calorific value, higher density, lower cloud and pour points, high NOx emission, and cold starting problems [4,5,6]. These disadvantages can be overcome by using nano additives, and it results in an enhancement in the physicochemical properties, such as the density, calorific value, viscosity, cetane number with improvement in combustion characteristics, shorter ignition delay, and cold starting problems [7,8,9]
Et al [14,15] investigated the effects of performance and emissions using a steam injection of a single-cylinder diesel engine, naturally aspirated, four-stroke, water-cooled direct injection fueled with tobacco seed oil methyl ester (TSOME) and canola oil methyl ester (COME) blends
Summary
The mindfulness of energy concerns and environmental glitches correlated to the burning of petroleum-based fuels has fortified numerous researchers to examine the opportunity of utilizing nonconventional energy sources, as an alternate fuel source to fossil fuels and their derivatives [1,2]. Appa Rao, et al [11] investigated the performance and exhaust emissions using Mahua Methyl Ester (biodiesel) with water fumigation at the suction end of a diesel engine, a single-cylinder, four-stroke, 5 hp, constant speed 1500 rpm, direct injection type vertical and 16.5 compression ratio. E. Selim, et al [13] investigated the effect of the water-waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel emulsion on performance, engine roughness, and exhaust emissions of a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine, naturally aspirated, with variable injection timing and compression ratio. R. Singh, et al [16] checked the effect of titanium oxide nanoparticle blended water-diesel emulsion on the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel, engine water-cooled VCR engine with constant speed (1500 rpm) and various loads. The results evinced that the diesel engine power and torque using nano-emulsion fuel improved by about 4.84% and 4.65%, respectively, and significantly reduced the CO, HC, NOx, and Soot opacity by 11%, 6%, 9%, and 10%, respectively, and CO2 small rise by 7%, compared to diesel fuel
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