Humeral osteolysis after reverse shoulder arthroplasty using cemented or cementless stems comparative retrospective study with a mean follow-up of 9 years

Abstract

IntroductionThe cause of proximal humeral osteolysis after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) remains controversial. The primary objective of our study was to compare the radiographic outcomes of Grammont-type RSA when a cemented stem is used versus when a cementless stem is used. The secondary objective was to identify the cause of these radiographic changes, especially for the cementless stems. HypothesisMore proximal humerus bone loss occurs when a cementless humeral stem is used. MethodsWith a minimum follow-up of 5 years, two paired cohorts were compared retrospectively: 70 RSA with cemented stem and 70 RSA with cementless stem. Using the radiographs made at the final follow-up visit, we looked for tuberosity resorption, signs of stress shielding, the presence of periprosthetic radiolucent lines and scapular notching. ResultsAt a mean follow-up of 9 years (5.0–20.6), the RSA revision rate was 1.8% in the cemented group and 3.6% in the cementless group (p=1). Tuberosity resorption was twice as common in the cementless group: 59% versus 30% (p<0.001). Signs of stress shielding such as osteopenia were only present in the cementless group. In both groups, tuberosity resorption was often associated with scapular notching. In the shoulders with tuberosity resorption, stage≥3 scapular notching was more common in the cementless group (p=0.001). DiscussionFor the cementless stems, proximal humeral osteolysis can in part be attributed to stress shielding. The relationship between notching and tuberosity resorption in the two groups also suggests a secondary biological cause. Level of evidenceIII; Comparative retrospective study.