Abstract
Research using humanized mice has advanced our knowledge and understanding of human haematopoiesis, non-adaptive and adaptive immunity, autoimmunity, infectious disease, cancer biology, and regenerative medicine. Challenges posed by the human-malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum include its complex life cycle, the evolution of drug resistance against anti-malarials, poor diagnosis, and a lack of effective vaccines. Advancements in genetically engineered and immunodeficient mouse strains, have allowed for studies of the asexual blood stage, exoerythrocytic stage and the transition from liver-to-blood stage infection, in a single vertebrate host. This review discusses the process of “humanization” of various immunodeficient/transgenic strains and their contribution to translational biomedical research. Our work reviews the strategies employed to overcome the remaining-limitations of the developed human-mouse chimera(s).
Highlights
THE BURDEN OF MALARIAAmong the numerous infectious diseases, malaria remains a major health challenge
Malaria is a disease which spreads through the bite of female anopheles mosquitoes, who carry the infection moieties of parasites belonging to the Plasmodium genus [1]
The greater morbidity and mortality related to human malaria infections reported by World Health Organization (WHO), is due to the wide range of hosts, mainly affecting humans with a high host tropism. 216 million cases of malaria infection was reported across the world in 2016, with a death toll of 445,000
Summary
THE BURDEN OF MALARIAAmong the numerous infectious diseases, malaria remains a major health challenge. The SCID mice needed further modifications to establish the hosting of huRBCs. This mouse proved to be a valuable tool for the in-vivo study as well as the vaccine development of human malaria parasites. The optimal blood stage mouse model was developed by employing different malaria parasite strains, without requiring prior adaptation to the host.
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