Abstract
目的探讨人源化B细胞成熟抗原(BCMA)嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T细胞)治疗鼠源BCMA CAR-T后疾病再进展的难治性多发性骨髓瘤(RRMM)患者临床疗效及安全性。方法采集两例患者自体外周血单个核细胞,制备BCMA CAR-T细胞,FC方案(氟达拉滨+环磷酰胺)预处理后分别予鼠源/人源化BCMA CAR-T细胞输注。输注后监测CAR-T细胞扩增、细胞因子变化及不良反应。体外试验检测鼠源/人源化BCMA CAR-T转染效率、对MM细胞株的杀伤活力及炎症细胞因子释放水平。结果例1及例2输注鼠源CAR-T后3个月分别为完全缓解(CR)及疾病稳定(SD)。16个月及18个月后出现疾病再进展,且例1出现髓外病变,输注人源化BCMA CAR-T细胞挽救治疗后,分别达到部分缓解(PR)及非常好的部分缓解(VGPR)的疗效,例1髓外病变4个月消失。两例患者在人源化BCMA CAR-T细胞治疗期间,CAR-T细胞体内扩增峰值、体内持续时间均较鼠源输注期间水平升高。人源化BCMA CAR-T治疗期间IL-6、IL-8、IFN-γ、IL-10及TNF-α峰值高于鼠源CAR-T峰值。两例患者输注鼠源CAR-T期间细胞因子释放综合征(CRS)均为1级,无神经系统毒性(ICANS);人源化CAR-T治疗例1 CRS为3级,ICANS为2级,支持对症治疗后好转,例2 CRS 2级,无ICANS发生。体外试验证实48 h效靶比为1∶1时,人源化BCMA CAR-T、鼠源CAR-T细胞分别与例1、例2患者共培养,BCMA+肿瘤细胞残余比例分别为(17.38±5.18)%对(28.27±4.58)%、(13.25±1.62)%对(22.77±1.77)%,人源化BCMA-CAR-T对原代MM的细胞毒作用优于鼠源CAR-T细胞(P<0.001),且IFN-γ、TNF-α及IL-6释放水平均高于鼠源CAR-T细胞(P值均<0.001)。结论鼠源BCMA CAR-T治疗后复发进展的RRMM患者再次输注人源BCMA CAR-T可能有效且安全性可控。
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