Abstract
Recently, the selective laser melting (SLM) method of manufacturing three dimensional (3D) dental prosthetics by applying a laser to metal powder has been widely used in the field of dentistry. This study investigated human adipose derived stem cell (hADSC) behavior on a 3D printed cobalt-chrome (Co-Cr) alloy and its surface characteristics and compared them those of a nickel-chrome (Ni-Cr) alloy. Alloys were divided into four groups according to the material and manufacturing methods. Co-Cr disks were manufactured with three different methods: a conventional casting method, a metal milling method, and an SLM method. Ni-Cr disks were manufactured with a conventional casting method. The surface roughness and compositions of the disks were assessed. hADSCs were then cultured on the disks. Cell morphologies on the disks were analyzed by a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Cell proliferation was assessed with a bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay kit. Cell viability was evaluated with a water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST) assay kit. There were no differences in surface roughness between all groups. The cells were well attached to the disks, and morphologies of the cells were similar. The cell proliferation and viability of the Ni-Cr disks were significantly lower than the other groups. However, the Co-Cr disks showed no differences in their different fabricating methods. In conclusion, the biocompatibility of 3D printed Co-Cr alloys showed comparable results compared to that of the conventional casting method, and these alloys were more biocompatible than Ni-Cr alloys.
Highlights
Cobalt-chrome (Co-Cr) and nickel-chrome (Ni-Cr) have been used as alternatives to gold alloys for frames of metal ceramic crowns
The purpose of this study was to assess the biocompatibility of 3D printed Co-Cr alloys and to compare it to Co-Cr alloys fabricated with the conventional casting method and milling technique
The statistical significance for all data comparisons was assessed by Student t-test analysis
Summary
Cobalt-chrome (Co-Cr) and nickel-chrome (Ni-Cr) have been used as alternatives to gold alloys for frames of metal ceramic crowns. Cytotoxicity is reported when Ni-Cr is used as a dental alloy [2]. Cytotoxicity induced by Ag, Co, Cr, In, and Cu suggests a necessity of design change of the dental alloy [3]. The selective laser melting (SLM) method for constructing three dimensional (3D) dental prosthetics by applying a laser to metal powder has been broadly studied in the field of dentistry [4]. The SLM technique is an additive manufacturing (AM) method that forms the materials layer by layer, while the subtractive manufacturing (SM) technique involves cutting solid blocks. Milling such hard metal causes a waste of milling tools due to undue stress.
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