Abstract
Multisource data, spatial density analysis, and a gravity model were used to evaluate and analyze differentiation and controls of human settlement locations in Jinan, China. The results indicate the following. (a) The spatial distribution of human settlements follows a block-style, is axially extended, and has a multicenter development pattern with a significant circular structure. (b) The distributions of many settlement types are similar to the total settlement distribution. Residential space exhibits the highest correlation with public space, whereas financial space has the smallest correlation with business space. A high matching value for human settlement is found at the junction of the five districts in Jinan, whereas the Pingyin and Shanghe counties exhibit the lowest value. (c) Areas with human settlement exhibit typical hierarchies. Performance is dominated by the five districts, Zhangqiu is subdominant, and other districts represent an edge-dependent hierarchical system. Radial spatial settlement structures are centered on the five districts, with a centripetal and multicentric “western dense, eastern sparse” regional pattern. (d) Topography is the main factor that generates differentiation. Road network density affects the distribution and grade of human settlement areas, gross domestic factor is a key factor that affects the formation of human settlement structures, and population aggregation is a prerequisite for human settlement distribution, as well as a catalytic factor for differentiation of human settlements.
Highlights
Since China’s “reform and liberalization,” the processes of industrialization and urbanization have led to unprecedented growth in China’s economy but have caused a series of problems related to excessive consumption of natural resources and continuous deterioration of the ecological and human living environments
According to the human settlement agglomeration characteristics, combined with the road networks and urban planning, the human settlement was divided into three layers: The core circle is the core human settlement space, which mainly corresponds to the planned ancient city and Shangyu District; the transitional circle is the street within the second ring of the old city; and the edge circle is the space excluding high road speed areas around the city
By comparing the eight types of human settlements, we found that the core human settlement space is distributed at the intersection of the five districts in the city
Summary
Since China’s “reform and liberalization,” the processes of industrialization and urbanization have led to unprecedented growth in China’s economy but have caused a series of problems related to excessive consumption of natural resources and continuous deterioration of the ecological and human living environments. These problems have manifested in the uneven distribution of facility resources, including infrastructure resources (Zhong et al, 2016). Human habitats and environmental issues, including pollution (Tong et al, 2018), ecological damage Strengthening assessment methods to inform how to improve human settlements is one path for addressing such problems
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