Abstract
Serum albumin, often referred to simply as albumin, is a globular protein that in humans is encoded by the ALB gene. Albumin is a multifaceted, highly soluble, stable, nontoxic, non-poisonous, biocompatible and biodegradable plasma protein. Albumin has been widely studied as a protein carrier for drug delivery. Because of its versatile nature, it can also be used for the delivery of the hormones, metals and fatty acids by binding to its specific binding sites. Various studies revealed that albumin can be used to increase the circulating half-life and bioavailability of drug molecules which are smaller than the renal filtration threshold and are rapidly lost from the circulation leading to limiting therapeutic potential. This review article presents advantages, disadvantages, functions, importance, different nanoparticles that can be crowned with an albumin and the special features of albumin as a drug carrier, and how the understanding of these features is currently being employed to optimize the circulatory half-life albumin.
Highlights
1.1 Human Serum AlbuminHuman Serum Albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in plasma, accounting for more than half of human plasma protein [1,2,3]
Like most of the plasma proteins, albumin is synthesized in the liver where it is produced at a rate of approximately 0.7 mg/h for every gram of liver (i.e. 10–15 g daily); HSA is used for treating shock, burns, hypoalbuminemia, surgery or trauma, cardiopulmonary bypass, acute respiratory distress and hemodialysis
This is feasible because the negative charge of HSA (Human Serum Albumin) facilitates electrostatic binding of various ligands with albumin, acting as a depot and carrier for many drug compounds Albumin performs transport functions through the binding sites which are present in its tertiary structure
Summary
Human Serum Albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in plasma, accounting for more than half of human plasma protein [1,2,3]. Albumin is primarily responsible for 75%-80% of plasma's normal colloid oncotic pressure. Too much or too little circulating serum albumin may be harmful [3] It may play an important role as a carrier in improving the pharmacokinetic property of small drug molecules, peptides or protein based drugs. Human Serum Albumin (HSA) is native to the body. It is biodegradable in nature, nontoxic and non-immunogenic [3]. C. As the most abundant protein in plasma, albumin is readily available. As the most abundant protein in plasma, albumin is readily available It has been used in clinical setting for more than 30 years[3]
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