Human Science Research Methods

Abstract

In this work, we contribute to the human science research paradigm now emerging internationally by describing four major human science research methods: the experiential, hermeneutical, perceptual psychological, and phenomenological. Each author has contributed to the development and utilization of one of these methodologies, while remaining conversant with the others. We recognize the unique value of each, but also are convinced that the human science approach has now attained the level of sophistication that makes a comparative examination of its various methodologies a timely endeavor. We have begun that task in this article by summarizing how each methodology addresses a common phenomenon, that of the experience of anxiety. Specifically, we summarize each method with regard to its research purpose, its formulation of a research question, its means of data collection, and its data analytic procedures. Although differences are evident, shared values and procedures are also clarified. All methods underscore the significance of (a) focusing on understanding human experience, (b) practicing impartiality during observations, (c) grounding the research in the life-world, and 4) clarifying the meanings that are lived from the perspective of one's own experiencing. It is our hope that this work will add to an in-depth understanding of what human science research means as well as offer concrete guidelines to carry out its form of research.