Human Rights Elements in the Farewell Sermon

Abstract

The research explores the topic of human rights by analyzing Prophet Muhammad's sermon on the Day of Arafah during his final and only pilgrimage, known as the Farewell Sermon. Advanced countries like Britain, France, and America have claimed to be the first to address and implement human rights in their respective countries. Therefore, the study aims to identify and analyze the elements of this sermon to extract provisions for individual and collective human rights, as this topic was prominent in the sermon. focuses on whether the religions and states before Islam declared the issue of human rights or whether Islam was the first to call for it. The study used the analytical deductive method to extract the components of human rights from the Prophet's sermon, among other things. The study concluded that the Farewell Sermon is the first international document declared by the Prophet 1400 years ago, indicating that Islam preceded all other religions and states that claim to be the first to declare a system of human rights.