Abstract
OPINION article Front. Physiol., 17 December 2013Sec. Craniofacial Biology and Dental Research https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2013.00374
Highlights
To date, most of the insights on placental trophoblast development have been gained through transgenic mouse models and mouse trophoblast stem cells with placental defects (Kunath et al, 2004)
To overcome the unfeasibility of performing in vivo experimentation in humans, cell lines derived from human choriocarcinoma or virally transformed human trophoblast cell lines are widely used to investigate the mechanisms involved in trophoblast differentiation (Hannan et al, 2010)
BMP4-induced differentiation leads to the emergence of both chorionic gonadotrophin β-secreting syncytiotrophoblasts with a villous CTB phenotype and HLA-G+ trophoblast cells with invasive properties as the extravillous CTBs (Marchand et al, 2011; Sudheer et al, 2012; Amita et al, 2013; Li et al, 2013)
Summary
Most of the insights on placental trophoblast development have been gained through transgenic mouse models and mouse trophoblast stem cells with placental defects (Kunath et al, 2004). Primary trophoblast cultures have been derived from human placentas at the first trimester or at term of pregnancy. While these cells might be an excellent model to study trophoblast differentiation, they are often difficult to obtain and do not proliferate in culture.
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