Abstract
Adenovirus has a wide tissue tropism. The virus attaches to the surface of cells via the fiber protein knob binding to the Coxsackie and Adenovirus receptor known as CAR. Virus entry inside cells is facilitated by integrins αVβ3 and αVβ5. Mice platelets are shown to be the predominant Ad binding blood cell type and the virus is documented inside platelets. CAR was identified on human platelets in one study yet contradicted in another. The presence of CAR appears to be the most reasonable initial step for virus entry into platelets and is a key to the understanding of platelet adenovirus interaction. This study aimed to re investigate the presence of CAR on human platelets. Platelets were tested by indirect immune-fluorescence using rabbit H-300 polyclonal anti-CAR antibody and goat anti-rabbit IgG F(ab')2 Texas Red antibodies, alongside with CAR positive and negative controls. Platelets were found to express CAR on their surface and in contrast to the previous study only 3.5 ± 1.9% of the tested platelets did express CAR. In addition, CAR was seen within intracellular aggregates localized at the sites of cell-cell contacts indicating that CAR expression might be upregulated in response to platelet stimulation. We confirm the presence of CAR on human platelets, we provide explanation to some of the discrepancies in this regards and we add that this receptor is localized at the sites of intercellular interaction.
Highlights
Stone and coworkers have shown that mice platelets are the predominant Adenovirus binding blood cell type and have documented the virus inside platelets [5] but the presence of CAR on mice platelets is yet to be verified
Adenovirus primarily attaches to the surface of cells via the fiber protein knob binding to coxsackie and Adenovirus receptor known as CAR [1]
Thrombocytopenia is well known in association with human viral infections including adenovirus and CAR has been identified on human platelets by Othman and coworkers [6] but this was contradicted by Shimony and coworkers in another study published in this journal [7]
Summary
Stone and coworkers have shown that mice platelets are the predominant Adenovirus binding blood cell type and have documented the virus inside platelets [5] but the presence of CAR on mice platelets is yet to be verified. Thrombocytopenia is well known in association with human viral infections including adenovirus and CAR has been identified on human platelets by Othman and coworkers [6] but this was contradicted by Shimony and coworkers in another study published in this journal [7]. * Correspondence: Othman@queensu.ca 2Department of Biomedical and Molecular sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
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