Abstract
Meningitis and meningoencephalitis are neurological inflammatory diseases, and although routine diagnostics include testing of a wide range of pathogens, still in many cases, no causative agent is detected. Human parvovirus B19 (B19V), human bocaviruses 1–4 (HBoV1–4), and human parvovirus 4 (hPARV4) are members of the Parvoviridae family and are associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations including neurological disorders. The main aim of this study was to determine whether human parvoviruses infection markers are present among patients with meningitis/meningoencephalitis in Latvia as well as to clarify the role of these viruses on the clinical course of the mentioned diseases. Our study revealed HBoV1–4 and B19V genomic sequences in 52.38% and 16.67% of patients, respectively. Furthermore, symptoms such as the presence of a headache and its severity, fatigue, disorientation, and difficulties to concentrate were significantly frequently present in patients with active parvovirus infection in comparison with parvoviruses negative patients, therefore we suggest that HBoV1–4 and B19V infection should be included in the diagnostics to reduce the number of meningitis/meningoencephalitis with unknown/unexplained etiology.
Highlights
Viral meningitis and meningoencephalitis are medical emergencies that should be recognized early and properly treated
No statistical difference was observed between the patients and control group (p > 0.9999). human parvovirus 4 (hPARV4) specific IgG class antibodies were detected only in one (2.38%) patient plasma sample and in 5/50 (10.0%) control group plasma samples (p = 0.2141), and B19V IgG class antibodies—in 35/42 (83.33%) patients and in 37/50 (74.0%) controls plasma samples (p = 0.3194)
This study was set up in order to determine the presence of B19V, human bocaviruses 1–4 (HBoV1–4), and hPARV4 infection markers-viral DNA and virus-specific IgG class antibodies, and to evaluate the role of parvoviruses in the inflammatory neurological disorders as meningitis and meningoencephalitis
Summary
Viral meningitis and meningoencephalitis are medical emergencies that should be recognized early and properly treated. A recent prospective cohort study in the United Kingdom showed that the estimated incidence of viral meningitis was 2.73 per 100,000 adults [1]. In a larger retrospective study from Qatar, the determined incidence of viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS). Enteroviruses, herpes simplex viruses (HSV), and varicella zoster virus (VZV). Are the major causative agents detected, but for a significant number of clinical cases, no etiological agent is revealed [2,3,4]. Human parvovirus B19 (B19V), human bocaviruses 1–4 (HBoV1–4), and human parvovirus 4. (hPARV4) are members of Parvoviridae, a family of small (~25 nm) non-enveloped viruses containing a linear single stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome of 5 to 6 kb [5].
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