Human papillomavirus and oral manifestations in a patient with HIV: A case report and literature review

Abstract

Oral lesions in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) include acute pseudomembranous candidiasis, pigmentation, HIV‑associated periodontitis and oral hairy leukoplakia. Papillomas can also occur in patients with HIV. Papillomas are benign exophytic growths that can occur anywhere in the human body. The surface of such papillomas have characteristic numerous finger‑like projections and usually appear necrotic due to thrombosed capillaries. The present study describes the case of a 72‑year‑old male patient with HIV with various oral lesions. The present study also discusses the incidence and presentation of papillomas and their association with HIV, and emphasizes that, if papillomas are present on the skin or oral mucosa, they can be used as a clinical marker for HIV, indicating an underlying immunosuppressive state. Thus, caution is required when a skin papilloma is clinically detected in a patient.