Abstract
This study aimed to differentiate human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) from the human umbilical cord in cholinergic-like neurons using a natural membrane. The isolation of hMSCs from Wharton’s jelly (WJ) was carried out using “explant” and mononuclear cells by the density gradient from umbilical blood and characterized by flow cytometry. hMSCs were seeded in a natural functional biopolymer membrane to produce neurospheres. RT-PCR was performed on hMSCs and neurospheres derived from the umbilical cord. Neural precursor cells were subjected to a standard cholinergic-like neuron differentiation protocol. Dissociated neurospheres, neural precursor cells, and cholinergic-like neurons were characterized by immunocytochemistry. hMSCs were CD73+, CD90+, CD105+, CD34- and CD45- and demonstrated the trilineage differentiation. Neurospheres and their isolated cells were nestin-positive and expressed NESTIN, MAP2, ßIII-TUBULIN, GFAP genes. Neural precursor cells that were differentiated in cholinergic-like neurons expressed ßIII-TUBULIN protein and choline acetyltransferase enzyme. hMSCs seeded on the natural membrane can differentiate into neurospheres, obtaining neural precursor cells without growth factors or gene transfection before cholinergic phenotype differentiation.
Highlights
The World Health Organization (WHO) has included Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) among the major health problems, making it essential to develop diagnostic strategies and treatments for this disease
It seems relevant to emphasize that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) could be obtained from adipose tissue and from the umbilical cord, both discharged materials that require the approval of ethics committees
This research project aims to evaluate the possibility of differentiation of MSCs from the human umbilical cord in nestin-positive neural precursor cells (NPCN+) through the natural functional biopolymer matrix (NFBX) into cholinergic “like” neurons
Summary
The World Health Organization (WHO) has included Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) among the major health problems, making it essential to develop diagnostic strategies and treatments for this disease. According to a report issued in 2012 by the WHO, and The International Association for Alzheimer’s Disease, the number of people with dementia in the world can be compared to the spread of HIV/AIDS in the 1980s. The report presents this comparison to warn the world about the importance of alternative treatments for AD [1,2]. In this context, cell therapies have become one of the research targets that may contribute to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. It seems relevant to emphasize that MSC could be obtained from adipose tissue and from the umbilical cord, both discharged materials that require the approval of ethics committees
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