Abstract
Visual masking occurs when the perception of a brief target stimulus is affected by a preceding or succeeding mask. The uncoupling of the target and its perception allows an opportunity to investigate the neuronal mechanisms involved in sensory representation and visual perception. To determine whether rats are a suitable model for subsequent studies of the neuronal basis of visual masking, we first demonstrated that decoding of neuronal responses recorded in the primary visual cortex (V1) of anaesthetized rats predicted that orientation discrimination performance should decline when masking stimuli are presented immediately before or after oriented target stimuli. We then trained Long-Evans rats (n = 7) to discriminate between horizontal and vertical target Gabors or gratings. In some trials, a plaid mask was presented at varying stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) relative to the target. Spatially, the masks were presented either overlapping or surrounding the target location. In the absence of a mask, all animals could reliably discriminate orientation when stimulus durations were 16 ms or longer. In the presence of a mask, discrimination performance was impaired, but did not systematically vary with SOA as is typical of visual masking. In humans performing a similar task, we found visual masking impaired perception of the target at short SOAs regardless of the spatial or temporal configuration of stimuli. Our findings indicate that visual masking may be difficult to observe in rats as the stimulus parameters necessary to quantify masking will make the task so difficult that it prevents robust measurement of psychophysical performance. Thus, our results suggest that rats may not be an ideal model to investigate the effects of visual masking on perception.
Highlights
The perception of a stimulus is altered by the context in which it is presented
While our neuronal decoding predicts that perceptual performance should decline as stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) is reduced, and human perception was strongly affected by masking stimuli, we found little evidence of perceptual masking in rats
Our results indicate that the presence of a mask reduces orientation discrimination performance even at long SOAs, but that the reduction occurs in a manner that is independent of SOA and is uncharacteristic of visual masking
Summary
The perception of a brief target stimulus is impaired by a mask presented in close spatial and temporal proximity [1]. The neuronal mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon remain unclear, but are likely to involve interactions throughout the visual processing hierarchy starting as early as the retina [2]. Varying the temporal separation between target and mask stimuli by just a few milliseconds systematically alters the perception and neuronal representation of the target, providing the opportunity to investigate the neuronal mechanisms involved in the development of conscious visual perception. The temporal categories of visual masking include forward and backward masking, which describe when target perception is impaired by a mask that precedes or succeeds the target stimulus in time, respectively [5]. Visibility of a target presented to one eye may be reduced by a mask presented to the other eye [8, 9], suggesting that perceptual masking involves binocular interactions which do not occur until the primary visual cortex (V1) [10]
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