Human leukocyte antigen-DRB1 ( HLA-DRB1) serum level act as a protective gene among acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus patients

Abstract

Extremely diverse human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes may contribute in special ways to the immune system's defense against CoV-2 infection caused by SARS. In the present investigation, the human leukocyte antigen was measured levels in the serum (HLA-DRB1). The severity of infection among acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus patients was compared with healthy controls. This case-control study was conducted on 180 acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus patients, including 40 cases of severe corona patients without pneumonia, 40 cases of severe corona patients with pneumonia, 40 cases of non-severe corona patients without pneumonia, 40 cases of non-severe corona patients with pneumonia and 20 cases healthy controls. HLA-DRB1 was identified among four cases and compared to healthy controls. The patients with SARS-CoV-2 had a reduced frequency of HLA-DRB1 when the results using the Kruskal-Wallis analysis were compared. The serum concentration for HLA-DRB1 through individuals with respiratory distress symptoms brought on by viral, and bacterial infections decreased, falling to 38.88 ng/L in severe corona patients without pneumonia, 34.35 ng/L in severe corona patients with pneumonia cases, 46.20 ng/L in non-severe corona patients without pneumonia cases, 51.13 ng/L in non-severe corona patients with pneumonia cases, and 59.95 ng/L in healthy controls ( P ≤0.02). HLA-DRB1 was also found at a reduced frequency in all acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus antibody-positive patients compared to controls. The SARS CoV-2 illness and HLA-DRB1 were related and may have protective properties in acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. In addition, DRB1 was associated with protection from SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial infection.