Abstract
BackgroundSimulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776) is one of the blackfly species responsible for major public health problems in Europe. Blackfly outbreaks of this species are becoming more frequent, threatening public health in Spain. In the present study, bionomic parameters of S. erythrocephalum in northeastern Spain were estimated.MethodsSimulium erythrocephalum was collected from May through June 2015 in Zaragoza, Spain, using the human-landing-collection (HLC) method. Daily pattern of total and parous landing activity was estimated, as was the gonotrophic cycle (GC) length and survivorship (S) rate, using time series analysis.ResultsHost-seeking females of S. erythrocephalum showed a bimodal human-landing activity pattern, with a minor and major peak at dawn and dusk, respectively; there was a significant negative association between human daily landing rate and temperature (P = 0.003) and solar radiation (P < 0.001). Overall, a daily landing rate (DLR) of 34 lands/person/day was estimated. Series of sequential data analysis on parity showed the highest significant (P < 0.001) correlation indices (r = 0.45 and r = 0.39 for raw and filtered data) for a 2-day time lag, indicating that the GC length corresponded to 2 days. Daily survivorship and parity rate were 0.85 and 0.72, respectively.ConclusionsSimulium erythrocephalum was confirmed as a nuisance species in Zaragoza, using the HLC method for the first time in Spain. The data offer insights into the ecology of S. erythrocephalum, which can improve management strategies of this pest in Spain.
Highlights
Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776) is one of the blackfly species responsible for major public health problems in Europe
S. erythrocephalum does not share a geographical distribution with endemic areas for Onchocerca volvulus, some laboratory studies have shown this species could potentially be a competent vector of O. volvulus [8]
A daily landing rate (DLR) of 33.58 lands/person/day for S. erythrocephalum was estimated for Zaragoza
Summary
Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776) is one of the blackfly species responsible for major public health problems in Europe. In particular, spatial and temporal population dynamics of parous host-seeking females, are well studied in primary vector species of onchocerciasis. This type of study was crucial in onchocerciasis control and elimination programmes in Latin America and Africa. S. erythrocephalum does not share a geographical distribution with endemic areas for Onchocerca volvulus, some laboratory studies have shown this species could potentially be a competent vector of O. volvulus [8] This species has been incriminated as a natural vector of O. lienalis [9] and O. gutturosa [10] in cattle in Europe
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