Abstract
Tuberculosis and human Immuno-deficiency virus co-epidemics remain a major public health challenge particularly in resource limited settings. This study determined the prevalence of HIV co-infection among TB patients and the risk factors among patients attending Holly memorial Hospital Ochadamu, Ofu L.G.A., Kogi State, Nigeria. Two hundred (200) patients participated in the research, out of which one hundred and seventy three (173) were already confirmed to be HIV positive. Sputum samples were collected by experts into sample bottles aseptically for Acid fast Bacilli test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis; while blood samples were collected by trained nurses from the same candidates by venepuncture into anticoagulated bottles for HIV screening to re- confirm their status. Questionnaires were also administered to obtain some important demographic data. Sputum smear microscopy was carried out to test for Acid Fast Bacilli. Rapid haemagglutination assay was carried out to re-confirm the HIV status of the patients. Results showed that Twenty seven (27) patients signifying 13.5 % were TB/HIV co-infected. There was significant (p<0.05) relationship between TB and HIV status of the patients and clinical symptoms (dry cough, cough with sputum, weight loss and fever). There is need to study Immuno-haematological indices (CD4 count, Full Blood Count and ESR) routinely to monitor TB and HIV patients on regular basis in order to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with the diseases.
Highlights
Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-epidemics remain a major public health challenge, in resource limited settings (Tadess et al, 2013)
HIV co-infection increases the risk of latent TB reactivation by 20-fold, and is the most powerful known risk factor for progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to active disease (Getahum et al, 2010; Kwan and Ernst, 2011)
The hospital was founded as a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) in 1950 by the Qua Iboe fellowship, a local Nigerian church in response to the needs of those suffering from leprosy in Nigeria
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-epidemics remain a major public health challenge, in resource limited settings (Tadess et al, 2013). There were an estimated 1.1 million TB/HIV co-Infected patients worldwide in 2011, 79% of those cases were in Africa (WHO, 2012). TB is the most common opportunistic disease which kills those infected with HIV (Modjarrad and Vermund., 2010). HIV co-infection increases the risk of latent TB reactivation by 20-fold, and is the most powerful known risk factor for progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to active disease (Getahum et al, 2010; Kwan and Ernst, 2011). In Nigeria, the majority of TB infections are caused by M. tuberculosis followed by M. africanum and M. bovis, and most importantly, the burden of the disease is the highest in Africa. Nigeria ranks top in Africa with respect to the burden of both TB and HIV infections. In 2007, the estimated proportion of TB cases that were coinfected with HIV was 27% (Dim, 2012)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
