Abstract
The quality of surface and ground water in mining communities is uncertain since metals associated with acid mine drainage are known to saturate these waters. A total of two (2) hand dug wells, two (2) stream water and six (6) mine waste water samples were collected in March 2019. The water samples were analyzed in triplicate for As, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and Cd using AAS. The toxic metals concentration sequence was such that Pb > Zn >Cu > Cd > Cr > Ni > Hg > As. Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations were higher than WHO and NESREA Standard limits. Measured concentrations of these heavy metals were used to calculate the health risk for human population. The Hazard Index (HI) value for all pathways was found to be 236.8 in mine waste water, 23.39 in stream water 1, 12.91 in stream water 2, 11.1 in well water 1 and 45.07 in well water 2. Among all the studied metals, Cr and Cd has the highest chances of cancer risks with ILCR values of 1.8 x 10–3 and 5.17 x 10–3 while Pb and Ni has the lowest chances of cancer risks with ILCR values of 1.69 x 10–4 and 5.9 x 10–4.
Highlights
Water quality is important for health and economic development of every Nation [1, 2]
The correlation analysis of heavy metal concentration from the samples site showed Pb strong positive correlated with As and Hg but negative correlated with the sample sites. (r=0.517, 0.962, 0.835 P < 0.01). the results revealed negative correlation between Hg, As and the sample sites
The risk assessment in this study suggested that Cd, Pb and Cr causes more pollution due to high HQing values, exposure to high levels of the contaminant may be at high risk of illnesses in all the samples site
Summary
Water quality is important for health and economic development of every Nation [1, 2]. Stream and river water bodies are quite vulnerable to pollution because they are naturally open, accessible, and substantially used in agricultural, industrial, and municipal process [4]. Shallow groundwater (hand-dug well), surface waters (rivers, streams and ponds) and rain-water are the main sources of water available to the rural dwellers in Nigeria [6, 7]. Heavy metals contaminate surface and ground water, resulting in deterioration of drinking water and irrigation water quality and can enter into the human food chain, posing a risk to human health [8]
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