Abstract
This paper aims to assess and analyze the health impact of consuming contaminated drinking water in a water distributed system (WDS). The analysis was based on qualitative simulation performed in two different models named hydraulic and water quality in a WDS. The computation focuses on quantitative analysis for chemically contaminated water impacts by analyzing the dose level in various locations in the water network and the mass of the substance that entered the human body. Several numerical experiments have been applied to evaluate the impact of water pollution on human life. They analyzed the impact on human life according to various factors, including the location of the injected node (pollution occurrence) and the ingested dose level. The results show a significant impact of water contaminant on human life in multiple areas in the water network, and the level of this impact changed from one location to another in WDSs based on several factors such as the location of the pollution occurrence, the contaminant concentration, and the dose level. In order to reduce the impact of this contaminant, water quality sensors have been used and deployed on the water network to help detect this contaminant. The sensors were optimally deployed based on the time-detection of water contamination and the volume of polluted water consumed. Numerical experiments were carried out to compare water pollution’s impact with and without using water quality sensors. The results show that the health impact was reduced by up to 98.37% by using water quality sensors.
Highlights
One of the fundamental human rights of all human beings, regardless of their race, nationality, religion, and beliefs, is to have pure and safe drinking water [1]
The results showed that the Drinking Water Quality Indicators (DWQIs) is a stable, flexible, simple, and reliable indicator, and it could be used as an essential method
We used the demand-based method to define the number of water gallons used by each person per day (GPD) to define the distribution of the population
Summary
One of the fundamental human rights of all human beings, regardless of their race, nationality, religion, and beliefs, is to have pure and safe drinking water [1]. Water has a much more significant impact on health and well-being. Concerns in many subjects, such as the quality and quantity of water supplied, are essential in determining the health of individuals and entire communities [3]. Water utilities’ fundamental duties are to provide and distribute water to customers of an acceptable quality, quantity, and pressure through the entire water distributed system (WDS) [4]. Because of the spatial scale and the high complexity of water distributed networks, adverse accidental incidents commonly occur. For this unwanted event, the growth of infectious diseases begins with biological and chemical contaminants in drinking water [6]. The use of contaminated drinking water and poor sanitation is directly related to the transmission of diseases and epidemics, for example, 4.0/)
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