Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a potential autologous therapy for tissue engineering. The available procedures for MSC retrieval from patients are invasive, and their limited in vitro proliferation restricts their use in the treatment of damaged tissues. Therefore, it is important to establish an alternative and safe source of MSCs. The objective of this study was to demonstrate induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation from a combination of an accessible source tissue and an integration-free method; we also attempted the differentiation of iPSCs into MSC-like cells (MSLCs) for future autologous tissue engineering. iPSCs were derived from human gingival tissues, which are easily accessible in the field of dentistry, via the use of non-integrating episomal plasmids. Established iPSCs expressed embryonic stem (ES) cell-specific markers, as assessed by gene analysis and immunocytochemistry. Embryoid bodies and teratoma formation were formed from iPSCs, showing their capacity to differentiate into three germ layers. Furthermore, we were successful in differentiating iPSCs into MSLCs. They tested positively for their capacity of trilineage differentiation. Our results demonstrate that human gingival integration-free iPSCs, readily accessible stem cells generated using episomal plasmid vectors, are a promising source of MSLCs, which can be used in tissue regeneration.
Highlights
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are heterogeneous cells that possess multilineage differentiation potential [1]
Our results demonstrate that human gingival induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) are generated with non-integrating episomal plasmid vectors and are a promising source of MSC-like cells (MSLCs)
First, we assessed the generation of iPSCs from the combination of primary human gingival fibroblasts and episomal plasmid vectors; and second, differentiated iPSCs into MSC-like cells (MSLCs)
Summary
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are heterogeneous cells that possess multilineage differentiation potential [1]. MSCs are among the most promising adult stem cells for clinical applications and mainly isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and various dental tissues [2,3]. It is known that MSC proliferation capacity decreases with the donor age [4]. MSCs have a limited capacity to proliferate in vitro, making it very difficult to acquire sufficient cell numbers for implantation [5]. The available procedures for MSC retrieval from patients are invasive and labor intensive. There is an urgent need for an alternative source of MSCs
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