Abstract
Proactive password checkers have been widely used to persuade users to select stronger passwords by providing machine-generated strength ratings of passwords. If such ratings do not match human-generated ratings of human users, there can be a loss of trust in PPCs. In order to study the effectiven
Highlights
Passwords have been dominating user authentication for more than half a century and many researchers believe that they will continue to represent a key part of user authentication in the foreseeable future, many security and usability problems have been identified and a lot of new user authentication systems have been proposed over the years [1, 2].Security problems of passwords are often caused by insecure behaviors of human users [1, 3, 4]
As users’ trust can be important in predicting to what extent people rely on proactive password checkers (PPCs) to make decisions about password choices, our work focuses on the effect of trust on human decision-making in the context of password ratings
The results show that human-generated rating believers (P1) and balanced believers (P3) are more likely to select human-generated ratings over machinegenerated ratings compared to the disbelievers (P4)
Summary
Security problems of passwords are often caused by insecure behaviors of human users [1, 3, 4]. To help users create stronger passwords, proactive password checkers (PPCs), called password (strength) meters by some researchers, have been widely used to encourage users to create stronger passwords by giving users real-time feedback on password strength [5]. All PPCs show a strength rating when a given password is entered by the user. Most widely used PPCs are based on simple heuristic approaches (i.e., password length and composition) to rate a password’s strength [6]. The strength rating is either a categorical value such as “weak”, “medium” or “strong” [8], or a numeric value such as an estimate of the password entropy [9], or the estimated guess number/time for the password being cracked [10]
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