Abstract
Fertility preservation has received unprecedented attention nowadays. In addition to cryopreservation and re-implantation of embryos, oocytes, and ovarian tissue pieces, in vitro culture system for follicles/oocytes has been considered as an alternative strategy for fertility preservation. Since the metabolic dynamics and required nutrients are not entirely the same in different stages of follicular development, optimization of each culture step is needed. In this paper, literature regarding culture conditions in three steps were analyzed. Known additives in activation stage included 740Y-P, bpV(HOpic), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), human serum albumin (HSA), ITS, growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), with different degrees of activation promotion and potential detrimental effect on DNA integrity. For isolated follicles growth stage, actin A, FSH, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), estradiol were proved to improve development or proliferation. As for maturation, addition of growth hormone, melatonin, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), GDF9, cilostamide, or forskolin helped to regulate maturation rate or improve oocyte quality. Based on previous sequential culture system for human follicles, optimization is needed to achieve higher maturation rate and better oocyte quality, pursuant to current review, which demonstrated the effects of various additives on different stages.
Highlights
In recent decades, considerable progress has been made in the field of assisted reproductive technology (ART)
The increase of mRNA levels in cumulus cells is related to the oocyte maturity and fertilization rate [45], and the addition of growth differentiation factor (GDF)-9 or bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-15 in in vitro culture (IVC) system can promote the activation of human primordial follicles, with seemingly more beneficial effects of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) [46]
Based on the animal experiments and the basic human follicle IVC system established, the concept of achieving MII oocytes from human primordial follicles through IVC to obtain offspring after in vitro fertilization (IVF) seems promising
Summary
Considerable progress has been made in the field of assisted reproductive technology (ART). The increase of mRNA levels in cumulus cells is related to the oocyte maturity and fertilization rate [45], and the addition of GDF-9 or BMP-15 in IVC system can promote the activation of human primordial follicles, with seemingly more beneficial effects of GDF9 [46] Other factors, such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), kit ligand (KITL), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), stem cell factor (SCF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), have been proved to improve the activation and survival of cultured follicles in vitro [47,48,49]. The influence of the operating technology of the experimenters cannot be excluded
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