Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS): Investigatory Tool for Human Factors in Offshore Operational Safety

Abstract

It is axiomatic that 60 to 80 percent of mishaps are attributed to human error. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) was developed by Dr. Scott Shappell and Dr. Douglas Wiegmann for the U.S. Navy to reduce human error in aircraft operations and maintenance. It is a broad human error framework that was originally used to investigate and analyze human factors aspects of aviation mishaps. HFACS is heavily based upon James Reason's ‘Swiss Cheese’ model of human error mishap causation. The HFACS framework provides a powerful tool to determine incident and accident root causal factors, generate leading indicators for potential mishaps, and target prevention efforts for maximum efficacy of loss prevention through systematic identification of active and latent failures within an organization. Moreover, the HFACS may be used to generate leading as well as lagging indicators for mishap prevention by applying to near-miss investigations. HFACS has seen remarkable success in a variety of complex, tightly-coupled industries subject to large, catastrophic losses due to human error and organizational failure (aerospace, nuclear power generation, mining, construction, rail, and healthcare). The HFACS is adapted and presented for use in offshore operations involving offshore oil and gas exploration, production and support.