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Abstract
The biochemical properties of erythrocyte or human red blood cell (RBC) membrane acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and its applications on laboratory class and on research are reviewed. Evidence of the biochemical and the pathophysiological properties like the association between the RBC AChE enzyme activity and the clinical and biophysical parameters implicated in several diseases are overviewed, and the achievement of RBC AChE as a biomarker and as a prognostic factor are presented. Beyond its function as an enzyme, a special focus is highlighted in this review for a new function of the RBC AChE, namely a component of the signal transduction pathway of nitric oxide.
Highlights
Erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBC) are more than sacks of oxyhemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin during the semi-life of 120 days in blood circulation [1]
Exovesicules enriched with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) originated from membranes of aged erythrocytes appear in plasma [4]
The active state of AChE is modulated by the membrane band 3 protein phosphorylation, meaning that this enzyme activity can be manipulated from inside the erythrocytes
Summary
Erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBC) are more than sacks of oxyhemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin during the semi-life of 120 days in blood circulation [1]. A higher erythrocyte aggregation tendency and increased membrane AChE enzyme activity is evidenced when band 3 is phosphorylated, but not when it is dephosphorylated [16,17]. For erythrocyte addition, glutathione is an abundant molecule inside erythrocytes, which has a thiol group that can membrane AChE, the nitric oxide discovery triggered by plasma ACh gave us a clue about the react with NO, forming nitrosothiols such as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) [18]. AChE is involved the nitricofoxide (NO)reductase signal pathway to glutathione might be influenced by thein inactivation glutathione as evidenced, for the first time at the start of this century, in several in vitro studies using blood samples induced by the oxidative stress installed in erythrocytes [19]. Membrane AChE, the nitric oxide discovery triggered by plasma ACh gave us a clue about the action of AChE.Properties
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