Abstract
In India, small and marginal farmers have emerged as a distinct and dominant category. While farm mechanization represents a rapid transformation from traditional to modern methods of farming, it is not uniform across the crops and regions. The level of mechanization, however, remains scattered due to the compulsiveness to the situation dominated by the economic layout of farm holdings, land size, and large-scale deprivation of access to the technology suitable to small holdings. This present contribution elucidates the extent of use tools and machinery among the rice farmers of the state of Wes Bengal, India. Analysis revealed that the total number of man-days involved in paddy cultivation was 120-140 per ha, i.e., 900-1000 man-hours depending upon the availability of labour, tools, and machinery used for the individual operation. Analysis of farm work in small and marginal holdings evolved that over 90% of the total number of farmers use either tractor or power tiller for land preparation. Use of the animal-drawn country plough is gradually phased out in the study regions. For sowing and transplanting operations are primarily manual methods using hand tools. The study provided an insight of the issues of work methods and practices of the farmworkers in small and marginal farm holdings.
Highlights
Worldwide, the farming sector is dominated by small and marginal holdings (SMH) in the range of
This contribution is elucidating the extent of use of tools and machinery, the human energy spent, man hours involved and work severity related to rice farming activities in SMH
Work severity is relatively lower for land preparation activities using the tractor, broadcasting fertilizer and spraying pesticide with knapsack sprayer as these tasks fall in light to moderate category
Summary
The farming sector is dominated by small and marginal holdings (SMH) in the range of
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