Human effects of lindane in a one health perspective. A review

Abstract

Lindane or gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane is a chloro-organic insecticide marketed since 1938. The demonstration of significant toxic effects for humans, including neurological, hepatic, hematological, and carcinogenic effects, led to its ban. Since 2000, the use of lindane has declined, but attention to the possible effects on public health must remain high, given the bio persistence of the toxicant. The purpose and aim of this study were to recapitulate the effects that lindane may have on humans, based on a review of the literature. The results indicate that, despite the many years that have passed since the demonstration of the toxic effects of lindane, the high persistence and accumulation of the substance in ecosystems, make it even possible that it plays a role in the genesis of chronic degenerative diseases. The connection between human, animal, and ecosystem health which is contained according to the World Health Organization in the “One Health” model, urges us not to slow down our vigilance on these substances.