Abstract
Objective: To investigate the correlation between human development and dental caries in 12-year-old schoolchildren from the twenty-seven Brazilian states and to analyze the spatial distribution of these variables. Material and Methods: This was an ecological study using secondary data from the National Epidemiological Oral Health Survey 2010 and from the United Nations Development Program. Human development was measured by the Human Development Index (HDI) and dental caries by the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth index (DMFT). Dental caries prevalence and experience at the age of 12, and state HDI were entered into Google Sheets ® and Google My Maps ® for map creation. Data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation (HDI and DMFT, DMFT individual components, prevalence of dental caries and prevalence of dental pain) (p<0.05) . Results: Prevalence of dental caries ranged from 37.3% to 78.2% among the states. Dental caries was more prevalent in Rondonia (78.2%) and less prevalent in Santa Catarina (37.3%). Mean DMFT ranged from 1.06 to 4.81, with the highest value in Rondonia (4.81) and the lowest in Distrito Federal (1.06). HDI ranged from 0.631 (Alagoas) to 0.863 (Distrito Federal). There were negative correlations between HDI and dental caries (r=-0.504), dental caries experience (r=-0.459), decayed (r=-0.441) and missing (r=-0.441) components of the DMFT (p<0.05) . Conclusion: Higher human development of the region lower dental caries experience and prevalence in 12-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren.
Highlights
According to the results of the JCO’s sixth nationwide Study of Orthodontic Diagnosis and Treatment
The mean and standard deviation (SD) of each measurement are reported for each group investigated and comparison performed by a two-sample t-test, considering p
The only exception was recorded for upper second molar, whose torque value was more positive with respect to the upper first molars (-7.8° vs. -10.2°)
Summary
Measurements were obtained from a total of 79 digital models (STL files) taken from the University of Postgraduate School of Orthodontics Clinic’s electronic database. Digital acquisition of models was performed via direct and indirect scanning using either a 3Shape R700TM scanner (Great Lakes Orthodontics, Tonawanda, New York, USA) or an Orthodontic 3D ScannerTM (3Shape D700/710, Copenhagen, Denmark). The total sample was divided into two groups according to ethnicity: one composed of Italian subjects (23 males, 27 females; mean age 28.4 years, ±5.7), and one of Mozambican subjects (14 males, 15 females; mean age 25.4 years, ±5.9). Italian subjects were recruited from the University of Ferrara, Department of Orthodontics Clinic, whereas Mozambican subjects were recruited from amongst the students of Eduardo Mondlane University, Inhambane, Mozambique.
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