Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a type of cells derived from bone marrow that represent 1% or less of the total hematopoietic cells of any lymphoid organ or of the total cell count of the blood or epithelia. Dendritic cells comprise a heterogeneous population of cells localized in different tissues where they act as sentinels continuously capturing antigens to present them to T cells. Dendritic cells are uniquely capable of attracting and activating naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to initiate and modulate primary immune responses. They have the ability to coordinate tolerance or immunity depending on their activation status, which is why they are also considered as the orchestrating cells of the immune response. The purpose of this review is to provide a general overview of the current knowledge on ontogeny and subsets of human dendritic cells as well as their function and different biological roles.
Highlights
Dendritic cells (DCs) were initially described in 1868 by Paul Langerhans who identified a population of cells in the skin that presented projections similar to the dendrites of neurons [1].Almost 100 years later, in 1973, Steinman and Cohn described a cell population present in the spleen of mice and similar to those described by Langerhans
The subtypes of DCs that fall into this category are CD1c+ myeloid DCs (mDCs), CD141+ mDCs, CD14+ DCs and very few plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) [46,49] Among the peripheral resident DCs in the non-lymphoid tissues are DCs associated with skin, which are Langerhans cells (LCs) and the interstitial dermal cells
Mature DCs present morphological changes, express higher amounts of molecules major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II), CD40, CD80, CD86, and membrane protein associated with lysosomes (DC-LAMP), a protein associated with antigen presentation
Summary
Dendritic cells (DCs) were initially described in 1868 by Paul Langerhans who identified a population of cells in the skin that presented projections similar to the dendrites of neurons [1]. Almost 100 years later, in 1973, Steinman and Cohn described a cell population present in the spleen of mice and similar to those described by Langerhans These cells showed different cellular appearance and behavior as compared to monocytes and macrophages (MΦ) and, were called DCs [2]. Are Currently, DCs recognized cell as apopulation heterogeneous population in ontogeny, anatomical location, migration, cytokine secretion pattern, and immunological functions [8]. Their pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)) their environment and detect pathogen-associated molecular Once they capture antigens, they migrate to lymphoid organs where they present them to. They migrate to lymphoid organs where they lymphocytes It has been shown participate in DCs the modulation response present them to. Immunological tolerance through of thedifferent production of different cytokines [10,11,12,13,14,15]
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