Abstract
Due to functional limitations in certain situations, the driver receives a request to intervene from automated vehicles operating level 3. Unscheduled intervention of control authority would lead to insufficient situational awareness, then this will make dangerous situations. The purpose of this study is thus to propose tactical-level input (TLI) method with a multimodal driver-vehicle interface (DVI) for the human-centered intervention. The proposed DVI system includes touchscreen, hand-gesture, and haptic interfaces that enable interaction between driver and vehicle, and TLI along with such DVI system can enhance situational awareness. We performed unscheduled takeover experiments using a driving simulator to evaluate the proposed intervention system. The experimental results indicate that TLI can reduce reaction time and driver workload, and moreover, most drivers preferred the use of TLI than manual takeover.
Highlights
The future mobility society would be more harmless, ecological, and convenient by introducing automated driving (AD) technology
In systems operating in level 3, the drivers do not need to be vigilant of the surroundings, so they can engage in nondriving related tasks (NDRTs) as long as the AD system operates adequately
We found from experimental results that tactical-level input (TLI) takeover could significantly reduce the driver reaction time and perceived workloads, compared with manual takeover
Summary
The future mobility society would be more harmless, ecological, and convenient by introducing automated driving (AD) technology. AD can be divided into several levels in terms of degrees of role assignment between the human driver and driving automation system, and six levels defined by SAE International are often used [1]. When the system predicts that any fault will happen by a functional limitation, it, request drivers to intervene, and such intervention is called as takeover. If the AD system understands the reason of future driver-intervention in advance, such scenario can be regarded as high predictability (scheduled takeover). If the AD system detects functional limitations owing to information from onboard sensors, such scenario has low predictability (unscheduled takeover) [3].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
