Abstract
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is the main pathogen of porcine circovirus diseases and porcine circovirus-associated diseases, which are widespread in swine-producing countries. However, there is controversy regarding the susceptibility of human cells to PCV2 infection. In this study, human cell lines were infected with PCV2 and blind passaged several times. PCV2 entered and replicated in human cells, and infectious virions were generated, indicating that human cell lines were permissive to PCV2 replication. Furthermore, PCV2 replication in human cell lines was enhanced by D-glucosamine or concanavalin A (ConA). However, the infection efficiency of PCV2 was lower in human cells than in PK-15 cells, suggesting that PCV2 infection was limited in human cells. Our study reveals that human cells are permissive for the productive infection of porcine circovirus type 2 in vitro.
Highlights
Porcine circovirus (PCV) belongs to the genus Circovirus in the family Circoviridae and contains a single-stranded 1.7-kb circular DNA1–4
To investigate whether human cells are susceptible to Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infection, twelve human cell lines, including six cancer cell lines and six normal cell lines, were infected with PCV2 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 5 for 72 h
The viral Cap protein was detected in human cells as well as PK-15 cells infected with PCV2, while no protein was observed in non-infected cells (Fig. 1b)
Summary
Porcine circovirus (PCV) belongs to the genus Circovirus in the family Circoviridae and contains a single-stranded 1.7-kb circular DNA1–4. PCV1 is non-pathogenic and considered a contaminant of the porcine kidney cell line (PK-15)[4,5]. Some groups reported that commercial human rotavirus vaccines and porcine-derived pepsin products were contaminated with PCV1 and PCV2 DNA5–8. It was found that PCV1 can infect human 293 T, HeLa, and Chang liver cells without causing any visible changes[9]. Infectious PCV1 was detected in the lysate of infected human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and was serially passaged in the cells[5]. Another group found that PCV1 infection caused ultrastructural alterations of infected human cells[10]. It is urgent to determine whether human cells are permissive for PCV2 infection and replication
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