Abstract
Biological functions are basically dependent on the thermosensitive characteristics of the proteins and fatty substances composing the body structure. In a stressful environment, the extremely high human body temperatures detected by computer screening in our laboratory of exercise physiology are in the range of 41.0–46.5 °C, of which the highest temperature was identical with the highest value described in the latest Guinness Book of Records. The highest body temperature value of 46.5 °C reported in (Solvis et al. Ann. Emerg. Med. 11(5) (1982) 269) is thought to be extremely high compared to those of the other vertebrates. The concept of critical thermal maximum (CTM) has been defined in the present literature as the minimal degree of long-term hyperthermia, beyond which life-threatening damage develops in a homeotherm. In man the CTM has been estimated at 41.6–42.0 °C. Therefore, in the present paper, physiological, pathological and clinical cases of hyperthermia beyond 42.0 °C, as detected in 51 papers, and the biological inhibitory mechanisms preventing hyperthermia in an extremely high ambient temperature and the immunological protection mechanisms associated with strong heat stresses, were discussed from the viewpoints of the secondary chemical regulation as well as of the negative feed back system that controls body temperature.
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