Abstract

Understanding of both intra‐ and interpopulation variation in human biology depends heavily upon the use of objective, quantitative measures. Qualitative measures, such as the presence or absence of specific alleles or phenotypic traits, are also utilized by biological anthropologists. The measurements used must be repeatable, accurate, and appropriate for the circumstances of the research project in which they are employed. Contemporary human biology research utilizes both measures that have been used for many decades, but also may employ new technology that permits measurement of phenomena that were impossible to quantify in the past. Field conditions may limit what measurements can be used.

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