Abstract
BackgroundThe ambient exposure does not always reflect the internal levels of pollution absorbed in the body. While human biomonitoring (HBM) could provide a valid estimate of exposure extent, it is usually an expensive and a heavily manpowered enterprise. Using samples collected during blood donations for HMB may provide a more efficient platform for a routine biomonitoring.MethodsThe current study is aimed to explore the feasibility of using the national blood banking system for the purposes of HBM, to compare between residents of a suspected polluted area in northern Israel (Haifa Bay) to the rest of the country. Specifically, we will assemble a geographically representative sample of blood donors residing in the study area and of the general population, to test for four industry and traffic-related metals: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr). Samples of whole blood from donors will be tested in the Laboratory of Public Health Services managed by the Ministry of Health. The information on donors’ biomarkers levels will be further linked with the air pollution and meteorological data assessed at the location of the blood collection sites (short-term exposure) and donors’ permanent address (long-term exposure), as recorded by the monitoring stations spread throughout Israel and the satellite-based exposure models. The association between biomarkers and ambient environmental exposures will be assessed.The samples’ collection is planned for 2 years of 2020–2021.DiscussionThe information collected in this study could lead to environmental regulations within Haifa Bay area aimed to prevent exposure to high levels of hazardous chemicals.
Highlights
The ambient exposure does not always reflect the internal levels of pollution absorbed in the body
We identified multiple links between metals’ concentrations in urine with environmental factors in pregnant women’s household and outdoor pollution (Karakis I. et al, “How metal concentrations are associated with morbidity, an eight years follow-up among women of childbearing age”)
The laboratory is using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) instrumentation equipped with Integrated Sample Introduction System-Discrete Sampling (ISIS-DS) accessory that enables introducing low sample volume to the device and High Matrix Interface (HMI) technology
Summary
The ambient exposure does not always reflect the internal levels of pollution absorbed in the body. While human biomonitoring (HBM) could provide a valid estimate of exposure extent, it is usually an expensive and a heavily manpowered enterprise. An exposure level in vivo can be measured using a human biomonitoring (HBM) methodology, providing a personal level of exposure. Its focus has changed in recent years towards environmental exposure in the general population. An HBM of environmental chemicals in the Canadian Health Measures Survey is a comprehensive initiative providing general population HBM data in Canada. It is an ongoing, cross-sectional, direct measures survey implemented in 2-year cycles, with up to 7000 people in each cycle. Its recent 2016 report has covered information on biomonitoring results for 279 chemicals and Hassan et al BMC Public Health (2020) 20:469 other trace elements such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorines, flame retardants, perfluoroalkyl substances, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and metabolites, environmental phenols, triclocarban, acrylamide, pesticides (e.g., triazines, carbamates, organophosphates, phenoxy, pyrethroids) and/or their metabolites, chlorophenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites, phthalates and alternate plasticizer metabolites, and tobacco biomarkers [2]
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