Abstract
Understanding and simulating human behavior during the evacuation is essential in cognitive computing, which can be used to guide pedestrians to evacuate quickly and to avoid a potential hazard. In this paper, we propose a model to simulate the human behavior for evacuation from a classroom. Specifically, first, we give an improved evacuation model based on cellular automata, which consists of the static floor field and the dynamic floor field. Then, we present the detailed algorithms for calculating both the floor fields. The static floor field is calculated using an A-star algorithm, which can be used to solve the evacuation environments with and without obstacles. The dynamic floor field is calculated based on the impact of the number of pedestrians in each exit area on evacuation. Finally, the calculation method of pedestrian movement probability and the model evolution rules are given. The simulation experiments using our model have been conducted, and comparisons between our model and some state-of-the-art evacuation models are also conducted. The experimental results show that the model is effective and can reproduce the evacuation experiments conducted by students well. The model is expected to yield the optimal evacuation plan from the indoor environment.
Highlights
Cognitive computing aims to mimic the functioning of the human brain and help to improve human decision-making, and it has been widely used in data intelligence [1], braincomputer modeling [2], and healthcare [3]
The experiment results show that the number of pedestrians in the exit area is an important factor for evacuation and our model can reproduce the evacuation experiments conducted by students well
We propose an evacuation model based on cellular automata that is used to simulate the human behavior during evacuation from a classroom
Summary
Cognitive computing aims to mimic the functioning of the human brain and help to improve human decision-making, and it has been widely used in data intelligence [1], braincomputer modeling [2], and healthcare [3]. Researchers have proposed several evacuation models to understand and simulate human behavior for evacuation. Those models can be divided into two main categories: macroscopic evacuation models and microscopic models [8]. P. Song et al.: Human Behavior Modeling for Evacuation From Classroom Using Cellular Automata walking velocity and the interactions between pedestrians. Yuan and Tan [23] used the results of reliability analysis to simulate evacuation from a room full of smoke Those evacuation models can simulate human behavior for evacuation, some of those models still exist the following two limitations. We use A-star algorithm to calculate the static floor field and consider the dynamic impact of the number of pedestrians in the exit area on evacuation. The experiment results show that the number of pedestrians in the exit area is an important factor for evacuation and our model can reproduce the evacuation experiments conducted by students well
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