Abstract
Human atlastin GTPases mediate differentiated fusion of endoplasmic reticulum membranes.
Highlights
In eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous membrane system with interconnected tubules and sheets
A similar class of dynamin-like GTPases has been identified in species lacking ATL, including Sey1p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Root Hair Defective 3 (RHD3) from Arabidopsis thaliana (Hu et al, 2009; Zhang and Hu, 2013)
Mutations in human ATL1 cause a neurodegenerative disease known as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) (Salinas et al, 2008) and mutations in RHD3 lead to defects in plant growth and short and wavy root hairs (Hu et al, 2009; Zhang and Hu, 2013), suggesting a physiological significance of ER network formation
Summary
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous membrane system with interconnected tubules and sheets. When ATL2 was partially knocked down in COS-7 cells, the ER in some cells exhibited unbranched morphology (Fig. 1A–C), indicating defects in ER fusion. To compare the abilities of all three ATLs to mediate ER fusion, COS-7 cells depleted of both ATL2 and ATL3 were transfected with each ATL protein and the ER morphology
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