Abstract
Aedes borne viruses represent public health problems in southern countries and threat to emerge in the developed world. Their control is currently based on vector population control. Much effort is being devoted to develop new tools to control such arbovirus. Recent findings suggest that the evaluation of human antibody (Ab) response to arthropod salivary proteins is relevant to measuring the level of human exposure to mosquito bites. Using an immunoepidemiological approach, the present study aimed to assess the usefulness of the salivary biomarker for measuring the efficacy of Ae. albopictus control strategies in La Reunion urban area. The antisaliva Ab response of adult humans exposed to Ae. albopictus was evaluatedbefore and after vector control measures. Our results showed a significant correlation between antisaliva Ab response and the level of exposure to vectors bites. The decrease of Ae. albopictus density has been detected by this biomarker two weeks after the implementation of control measures, suggesting its potential usefulness for evaluating control strategies in a short time period. The identification of species specific salivary proteins/peptides should improve the use of this biomarker.
Highlights
Aedes albopictus is one of the most invasive mosquito species in the world [1] and transmits a number of pathogens affecting humansemerging arboviruses, such as chikungunya and dengue virus [2]
Recent findings suggest that the evaluation of human antibody (Ab) response to arthropod salivary proteins is relevant to measuring the level of human exposure to mosquito bites
The present study addresses the potential application of such salivary biomarker as a complementary indicator to evaluate the efficacy of one Ae. albopictus vector control strategy based on insecticide space spraying and the elimination of all positive breeding sites
Summary
Aedes albopictus is one of the most invasive mosquito species in the world [1] and transmits a number of pathogens affecting humans (re)emerging arboviruses, such as chikungunya and dengue virus [2]. Three types of interventions can be implemented: (i) to strengthen the population awareness about the risk of arbovirus transmission, (ii) to reduce the larval breeding sites by the elimination of water-holding containers and/or by using larvicides, and (iii) to control the local adult mosquitoes by insecticides spraying This last strategy can prevent urban districts from outbreak [5]. The count of positive breeding sites is a very long and fastidious method to obtain solid results and the evaluation of adult Aedes density by usual entomological methods is not sensitive enough to estimate the low-level exposure to vector bites These current methods are mainly applicable at the population level (e.g., at the household level) and are not able to evaluate the heterogeneity of individual exposure to Aedes bites. No previous study has been focused on the possibility of using the antisaliva IgG response for monitoring the effectiveness of control strategies targeting Aedes vectors
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