Abstract
Simple SummaryThe quality of the human-animal relationship plays a central role in determining animal welfare. In this study, we assessed the relationship between stockperson behavior and buffalo behavior. In particular, during milking, we recorded the behavior of stockpeople in terms of quality and quantity of interactions, and we recorded the behavior of animals in terms of restlessness, whereas at the feeding place, we measured the avoidance distance. Avoidance distance of an animal can be defined as the distance to which the animal will allow an unknown person to approach before moving to the side or away. We found that a high percentage of negative stockperson interactions (shouting, talking impatiently, slapping, and handling forcefully) were associated with a high avoidance distance at the feeding place and restlessness during milking. Therefore, appropriate stockpeople training should be conducted to improve the human-animal relationship with positive effects on animal welfare, productivity, and stockpeople safety.This study aimed to assess the relationship between stockperson behavior and buffalo behavior. The research was carried out in 27 buffalo farms. The behavior of stockpeople and animals during milking and the avoidance distance at the feeding place were recorded. Recordings were repeated within one month to assess test-retest reliability. A high degree of test-retest reliability was observed for all the variables with Spearman rank correlation coefficients (rs) ranging from 0.578 (p = 0.002, df = 25) for the number of kicks performed during milking to 0.937 (p < 0.001, df = 25) for the percentage of animals moving when approached by ≤ 0.5 m. The number of negative stockperson interactions correlated positively with the number of kicks during milking (rs = 0.421, p < 0.028, df = 25) and the percentage of animals injected with oxytocin (rs = 0.424, p < 0.027), whereas the percentage of negative stockperson interactions correlated positively with the percentage of buffaloes moving when approached at a distance >1 m (rs = 0.415, p < 0.031, df = 25). In a subsample of 14 farms, milk yield was correlated positively with the number of positive interactions (rs = 0.588, p < 0.027, df = 12) and correlated negatively with the number of steps performed by the animals during milking (rs = −0.820, p < 0.001, df = 12). This study showed that the quality of stockpeople interactions may affect buffalo behavior and production.
Highlights
Over the last few decades, farm animal welfare has become of great interest for the consumers of many different regions, including Europe and North America and Oceania, Latin America, andAsia [1,2]
Our results indicate that the avoidance distance at the feeding place and stockpeoples’ and animals’ behaviors during milking can be reliably used as indicators of the quality of the human-animal relationship, as suggested by Hemsworth et al [16] and Waiblinger et al [21] for dairy cows
This result suggests that buffaloes, as with other farm animals, are able to generalize their response to humans, and if they perceive negative stimuli from the stockpeople in the parlor, they tend to increase their avoidance response to an unknown person approaching them at the feeding place
Summary
Over the last few decades, farm animal welfare has become of great interest for the consumers of many different regions, including Europe and North America and Oceania, Latin America, andAsia [1,2]. Over the last few decades, farm animal welfare has become of great interest for the consumers of many different regions, including Europe and North America and Oceania, Latin America, and. As a matter of fact, the consumers’ perceptions of food quality are determined by its overall nature and safety and by the welfare status of the animal from which it was produced [3]. Animal welfare is an important component of an overall “food quality concept”. Farm animals are under human control and interact with stockpeople in several situations, including handling and milking. The farming system has recently become more intensive than it is in dairy cattle, causing potentially higher impacts of human interactions on the animals [6]
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