Human and Social Capital Development for Self Efficacy of University Graduates: Bases for Development of Society

Abstract

The study investigated perceptions of students and employers about the development of human and social capital in terms of intellectual development skills, personal development skills, professional development skills, and social development skills for self efficacy of university graduates. How students and employers were viewing the development of human and social capital for self efficacy of university graduates; which areas of development skills were relatively stronger; and which sectors of industry or discipline of study were more satisfied or worried about were the questions answered in the study. Students of 4 public and 4 private universities and managers of 65 companies from 12 sectors of industry listed with Lahore Stock Exchange constituted the sample. Data were collected through an adopted, 30-item survey scale which was found reliable at 0.930 Cronbach's alpha. Mean scores and correlations were calculated for the four sub-scales. One-Sample t-test, Independent samples t-test, and one-way ANOA were employed for significance and variance analysis. The study concluded that students and employers were not fully satisfied with the development of human and social capital for self efficacy of university graduates. Intellectual development skills got the highest position whereas personal development skills were found at the lowest position. Professional and social development skills were found in the middle. This situation reflects performance of universities below standards and speaks of under utilization of their potential for contributing to the development of society. Serious initiative for the development of human and social capital for self efficacy of university graduates was the major recommendation.