Abstract
This review focuses on the probable anti-cancer mechanisms of human amniotic membrane (AM) that may be very helpful for ongoing cancer research activities with AM. A thorough search was conducted on PubMed for any published literature on the anti-cancer role of human AM using the key words, e.g., AM, function of AM, angiogenesis prevention, apoptosis induction by AM. No particular exclusion criteria were set. We selected resources from 1960 to 2018 with special focus on articles published during the last 7 years that revealed information regarding AM-derived factors and their specific functions to prevent cancer. Many studies suggest that human AM-derived epithelial stem cells (AM-hAECs) and mesenchymal stem cells (AM-hMSCs) secrete various factors, e.g., thrombospondin (TSP), tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase (TIMP), plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), cytokines specially IL-6 and IL-10, various essential markers, and proteins which most predominantly increase the AM’s anti-cancer activity. This work gives an overview of the latest findings on AM function and evaluates its potential use in cancer treatment. Though various researches are being performed now on the anti-neoplastic properties of AM, the mechanism of these effects is not clear yet. Therefore, it has a great demand to unveil the mood of action of AM as to exert anti-cancer activity. From the meta-analysis of previous data, this review has pointed out an anti-cancer mechanism of AM that would help to use it as an anti-cancer therapy.
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