Abstract
In the U.S., approximately 1.7 million people suffer traumatic brain injury each year, with many enduring long-term consequences and significant medical and rehabilitation costs. The primary injury causes physical damage to neurons, glia, fiber tracts and microvasculature, which is then followed by secondary injury, consisting of pathophysiological mechanisms including an immune response, inflammation, edema, excitotoxicity, oxidative damage, and cell death. Most attempts at intervention focus on protection, repair or regeneration, with regenerative medicine becoming an intensively studied area over the past decade. The use of stem cells has been studied in many disease and injury models, using stem cells from a variety of sources and applications. In this study, human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were administered at early (3 days) and delayed (14 days) time points after controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury in rats. Animals were routinely assessed for neurological and vestibulomotor deficits, and at 32 days post-injury, brain tissue was processed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry to analyze neuroinflammation. Treatment with HB-adMSC at either 3d or 14d after injury resulted in significant improvements in neurocognitive outcome and a change in neuroinflammation one month after injury.
Highlights
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability in the United States, causing immediate and long-lasting effects [1]
Animals treated with HB-adipose-derived MSCs (adMSCs) at 3 days post-cortical impact (CCI) displayed significantly shorter latencies on test days 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, when compared to injured controls
We demonstrate the efficacy of early and delayed treatment of TBI with HBadMSCs
Summary
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability in the United States, causing immediate and long-lasting effects [1]. Providing care and rehabilitation for TBI patients is a significant economic burden, estimated to be approximately $76.5 billion for both direct and indirect costs [2]. Motor and sensory dysfunction, and emotional changes are among the most common issues affecting TBI patients and their families and communities. Emotional and economic burdens are large and can be longlasting, there has yet to be an effective therapy to mitigate some of these issues.
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