Human activities induce potential aquatic threats of micropollutants in Danjiangkou Reservoir, the largest artificial freshwater lake in Asia

Abstract

Freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem services may decline because of toxicant input, and other environmental variables often co-occur with contaminants to jeopardize the freshwater ecosystem. In this study, Danjiangkou Reservoir (DJKR) in central China was selected as the target research area to investigate the impact of multiple categories of micropollutants coupled with other stressors on the reservoir ecosystem. A total of 140 samples were collected from 28 sites in DJKR, and 124 micropollutants, including pesticides, organophosphate esters (OPEs), psychoactive substances, antiviral drugs, and pharmaceutical and personal care products, were quantified. A total of 108 micropollutants were detected in the water samples, with sum concentrations ranging from 82.35 ng·L−1 to 1436.57 ng·L−1, and 71 of them had a detection frequency above 50 %, indicating the prevailing micropollutant contamination in the reservoir. The most severe pollution and risks were observed in the tributaries of DJKR. Pesticides (neonicotinoid and triazine) and OPEs were the major contributors to the ecological risk in the reservoir. Insecticides, herbicides, and OPEs accounted for the majority of the risks to fish, algae, and invertebrates, respectively. The determined priority pollutants should be paid increased attention. Environmental variables and human activities, such as human land use, induced the potential aquatic threats of micropollutants in DJKR. Results demonstrated that micropollutant pollution was one of the dominant pressures faced by aquatic organisms and human beings, and human activities played important roles as well.