Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), as the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), has become one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Numerous studies have indicated that podocyte loss plays an important role in the development of DN and can even cause proteinuria in the early stage of DN. In the study, we found that Huidouba (HDB) significantly decreased the level of fasting blood glucose (FBG), the ratio of microalbumin to urine creatine (mAlb/Ucr), serum creatine (Scr), serum urea nitrogen (BUN), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the kidney and downregulated the expression of Nox4 predominantly located in glomerular tissue while upregulating nephrin and WT1 expression in DN rats. In addition, HDB could also reduce podocyte damage and glomerular basement membrane (GBM) pathologic changes, as shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vitro study showed that HDB could inhibit high glucose (HG)-induced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and protect against podocyte apoptosis by downregulated Nox4 expression in podocytes. These results may provide a scientific basis for developing HDB as a potential folk medicine for the treatment of DN.
Highlights
At the end of 2017, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) released the eighth edition map of the global epidemic of diabetes (DM) (Sanz et al, 2018)
We found that Huidouba (HDB) significantly decreased the level of fasting blood glucose (FBG), the ratio of microalbumin to urine creatine, serum creatine (Scr), serum urea nitrogen (BUN), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the kidney and downregulated the expression of Nox4 predominantly located in glomerular tissue while upregulating nephrin and WT1 expression in Diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats
HDB and MET-containing serum could significantly increase the cell viability compared with the high glucose (HG) group (**p < 0.01), and the results indicated that high-dose HDB-containing serum had a better effect than MET-containing serum on reducing HG-induced podocytes apoptosis (△△p < 0.01) (Figure 8C)
Summary
At the end of 2017, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) released the eighth edition map of the global epidemic of diabetes (DM) (Sanz et al, 2018). The map showed that the global number of patients with DM aged 20–79 years had reached 425 million. If this increase is not halted, there will be 642 million people with the disease by 2045. The latest statistics from Peking University Hospital showed that DN has become the leading cause of ESRD in China. There is a total of 24 million people with DN in China, and the prevalence of DN has already surpassed that of glomerulonephritis related to chronic kidney disease (Zhang et al, 2016). The clinical treatment of DN mainly aims to control blood glucose and blood pressure, but it cannot effectively prevent the exacerbation of DN. Further study of the pathogenesis is needed to search for an effective therapy for DN. It is of great importance to delay the progression of DN
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