Abstract
Germ cell tumors account for less than 3% of all ovarian cancers. These tumors generally appear in childhood or in those under 30 years of age. Immature ovarian teratoma is the third most frequent germ cell tumor after dysgerminoma and endodermal sinus tumors. These tumors should be distinguished from mature teratomas. Discrimination of malignant and benign tumors depends on the presence of the neuroectodermal components, made up of neural and glial cells. Gliomatosis peritonei is the intraabdominal and particularly peritoneal and omental distribution of the neuroectodermal components, observed very rarely with immature teratoma. Mature teratoma, on the other hand, is even rarer. This report aims to discuss a case of immature teratoma completely filling the abdomen and concomitant omental distribution related gliomatosis peritonei in a 7-year-old child.
Highlights
Teratoma tumors of the ovary are the most frequently observed germ cell tumors
Since the pelvic region is superficial and at the same time its localization is higher and closer to the median plane compared to the adult, ovarian pathologies may be diagnosed at an earlier stage and easier compared to the adults.[12,13]
Immature teratomas are distinguished from mature teratomas by their malignant clinical progression, being observed at younger ages, being more rare and generally unilateral, and their including histologically immature or embryonic cells.[4,5]
Summary
Teratoma tumors of the ovary are the most frequently observed germ cell tumors. Teratomas originate from all three layers of the germ cells and they have many subtypes depending on mature or immature cell content. In the case of our 7-year-old, a left ovarian mass filled the whole abdomen including both cystic and solid components, we performed a unilateral salphingo-opherectomy and omentectomy. The pathology report of the case included mature glial implants within the grade 1 immature teratoma and grade 0 omental tissue. The abdominal tomographic images revealed a 20x18x16 cm sized multiloculated mass with malignant and ovarian originated appearance, focal calcified and fat tissue density, including solid and cystic components completely filling the abdomen. A primary site benign tumor will have a Figure 6:Immature teratoma with neuroepithelial rosette formation (H&Ex10)
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