Hubbard-model calculations of phase separation in optical lattices

Abstract

Antiferromagnetic, Mott insulator, d-wave and gossamer superfluid phases are calculated for 2D square lattices from the extended Hubbard (t-J-U) model using the Gutzwiller projection method and renormalized mean field theory. Phase separation between antiferromagnetic and d-wave superfluid phases is found near half filling when the on-site repulsion exceeds $U\ga7.3t$, and coincides with a first order transition in the double occupancy. Phase separation is thus predicted for 2D optical lattices with ultracold Fermi atoms whereas it is inhibited in cuprates by Coulomb frustration which instead may lead to stripes. In a confined optical lattice the resulting density distribution is discontinuous an with extended Mott plateau which enhances the antiferromagnetic phase but suppresses the superfluid phase. Observation of Mott insulator, antiferromagnetic, stripe and superfluid phases in density and momentum distributions and correlations is discussed.