Abstract
Esophageal atresia (EA) with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a relatively common congenital malformation with an estimated incidence of about one per 3000–4000 live births. H-type TEF fistula on the other hand is rare, comprising 2–4 % of all cases of EA with or without TEF. The rarity of H-type TEF as well as the nonspecific clinical presentation which can mimic other respiratory illnesses are contributing factors for delayed diagnosis. It is well known that EA with distal TEF is associated with a high incidence of associated anomalies. H-type TEF on the other hand is rarely associated with other congenital anomalies. There is however an association between H-type TEF and anorectal malformations.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
