Abstract
In view of the preparation for a post-LHC collider, in 2010 the high-energy physics (HEP) community started to discuss various options, including the use of HTS for very high-field dipoles. Therefore, a small program was begun in Europe that aimed at exploring the possibility of using HTS for accelerator-quality magnets. Based on various EU-funded programs, though at modest levels, it has enabled the European community of accelerator magnet research to start getting experience in HTS and address a few issues. The program was based on the use of REBa2Cu3O7−x (REBCO) tapes to form 10 kA Roebel cables to wind small dipoles of 30–40 mm aperture in the 5 T range. The dipoles are designed to be later inserted in a background dipole field (in Nb3Sn), to reach eventually a field level in the 16–20 T range, beyond the reach of Low Temperature Superconductors (LTS). The program is currently underway: more than 1 km of high-performance tape (Je > 500 A/mm2 at 20 T, 4.2 K) has been manufactured and characterized, various 30 m long Roebel cables have been assembled and validated up to 13 kA, a few dipoles have been wound and tested, reaching 4.5 T in stand-alone (while a dipole made from flat race track coils exceeded 5 T using stacked tape cable), and tests in background field are being organized.
Highlights
Accelerators have been among the most powerful instruments for scientific discoveries.The identification of the Higgs boson [1,2] at CERN on 4 July 2012 was the first big discovery of the LHC, the largest instrument for high-energy physics, which was put in operation in 2008 and operated in collider mode from March 2010
A standard and fast quench detection system (QDS) is available for these tests as well as a fast switch based on IGBT technology to open the circuit in a few ms
The first test happened in April 2017, just in time to meet the deadline of EuCARD2, reaching a field of 3.35 T when powered by 6.5 kA at 5 K and above the expectations based on Ic evaluation with scaling law
Summary
The identification of the Higgs boson [1,2] at CERN on 4 July 2012 was the first big discovery of the LHC, the largest instrument for high-energy physics, which was put in operation in 2008 and operated in collider mode from March 2010. The discovery of the Higgs boson and its characterization has opened new perspectives for physics beyond the standard model. 2. Accelerator and Magnets The discovery potential of a hadron collider depends critically on the strength of the magnetic field in various ways. ., the collision rate per unit of reaction cross-section It is not enoughTthoepreroisduanceotohnelryimonpeoHrtaigngtsfibgousroeno.fPmleenrtiyt toof qthueamlifymaucsot lbliedgerenaesraatdeidscionvoerdyeirnstotruallomwentht:etirheidleunmtiifnicoastitoyn—ani.ed.,tothme ecaoslulirseiosnubratltee ppreorpuenrtiiteos.fIrneacftiieolnd clirkoessH-sEePct,iwonh.erIet itshenot intenreosutignhg tpohpernoodmuecneaoanrley monoereHaingdgsmboorseonra.reP,lesnutryrooufntdheedmbmy ubisltliboensgeonf e“ruasteldesisn” oinrd- er tertaoctaiollnosw(nthoeisier)i,dleunmtifincoastiitoyn—ai.ned., thoemqeuaasnutrietysoufbutlseepfurlopaerticelse.sIpnraodfiuelcdedlikdeurHinEgP,cowllhi-ere siotnhethianttecraenstbinegdpetheecnteodm—enisabaerceomoinrge aonf dpamraomreoruanret ,imsuprorortuanndce.dTbhyatbislliwonhsyoCfE“RuNseliesss” invinestteirnagctmioonrse(tnhoainse1),Bl$u(mmiantoesritayl—bui.deg.,ethoenqlyu)a, nwthitiychofisu2s5e–f3u0l%paorftitchleesLHprCodcuoscte,djudstutroing imcporlolivseiotnhethlautmcainnobseitydewteicthtetdh—e iasbboevceo-mienngtiofnpedarHamLo-LuHntCimprpoojretcatn. Tphreosveemluamgnineotssictyo)n.sTtihtuerteefaore, bretahkethhirgohu-gluhmininaocscietyleLraHtoCr,twecihthnoitlsomgya;ginnedtesetdh,atthaisreca3n0–b4e0%seemnoirneFpigouwreerf1u, lwthhaicnhLrHepCorotnses, theisparongorveeslssitnepthine immapgrnoevtiincgfitehledLfoHrCpaasstaadnidscfouvteurrye iancscterulemraetnotr.sT. hese magnets constitute a breakthrough in accelerator technology; this can be seen in Figure 1, which reports the progress in the magnetic field for past and future accelerators
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