Abstract
The effects of four trichothecene mycotoxins on carbon dioxide production by a yeast, Kluyveromyces marxianus, were examined. Carbon dioxide release rate was inhibited by 10% in less than 25 min or 50% in less than 65 min by 0.0625, 0.125, 1.25, and 12.5 μg/mL of verrucarin A, roridin A, T-2 toxin, and HT-2 toxin, respectively. Lower concentrations did not affect carbon dioxide release rate within 160 min. Individually, neither 0.625 μg/mL T-2 toxin nor 0.000125 μg/mL roridin A alters carbon dioxide production. When combined at these concentrations, the two trichothecenes interact synergistically to inhibit carbon dioxide release rate by 50% within 60 min. In the case of grains contaminated with mycotoxin mixtures this synergistic interaction may raise concerns about safe-exposure conditions. Key words: carbon dioxide, Kluyveromyces marxianus, synergism, trichothecene mycotoxins.
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