Abstract
The present study analyzed the volatile compounds of three mango varieties (Tommy Atkins, Rosa and Espada) using the static headspace technique with SPME coupled to CG-MS. Multivariate methodologies, such as factorial design and response surface methodology, were used to optimize the conditions of adsorption and desorption of these substances. The data were evaluated by using principal components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical grouping analysis, in order to visualize grouping tendencies of volatile compounds. Thirty-seven volatile compounds belonging to different chemical classes, such as esters, terpenes, alcohols and others, were tentatively identified in the three varieties of mango. Amongst them, twenty-three presented chromatographic peaks with relative areas larger than 2%. The multivariate analysis made it possible to visualize the grouping tendencies of the mango samples, according to the presence of their respective volatile substances, and enabled the identification of the groups of substances responsible for the discrimination among the three varieties.
Highlights
The mango (Mangifera indica L.) industry is the 5th largest tropical fruit industry with the production of over 34.3 million tons [1]
Chemical analysis of the flavor of several mango cultivars around the world has been reported [3,4,5,6] and has recently studied the spatial and temporal changes in the volatile profile of mango upon exogenous ethylene treatment, while [7] evaluating the attraction of west fruit flies to volatiles of three mango cultivars in field cage tests
These methods are generally divided into two classes: classical methods and clean methods such as solid-phase extraction (SPE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), headspace extraction (HSE) and solidphase microextraction (SPME) [9]
Summary
The mango (Mangifera indica L.) industry is the 5th largest tropical fruit industry with the production of over 34.3 million tons [1]. Chemical analysis of the flavor (volatiles) of several mango cultivars around the world has been reported [3,4,5,6] and has recently studied the spatial and temporal changes in the volatile profile of mango upon exogenous ethylene treatment, while [7] evaluating the attraction of west fruit flies to volatiles of three mango cultivars in field cage tests. In these works, a wide range of compounds has been identified, including esters, lactones, mono- and sesquiterpenes.
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