HRMAS NMR spectroscopy applications in agriculture

Abstract

The relatively recent and advanced high-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR technique enables the direct application of NMR spectroscopy to semi-solid and gel-like samples. It combines the advantages of both solid- and liquid-state NMR by allowing to concomitantly measure intact and non-manipulated samples. Based on both 1D and 2D homo- and heteronuclear NMR spectra, HRMAS evaluates the composition of fresh semi-solid samples with a similar resolution as that of classical liquid-state NMR techniques. The enhanced spectral quality still obtained for semi-solid samples is mainly due to the MAS system, whose rapid spinning and sample orientation minimize the anisotropic processes that prevent the acquisition of meaningful NMR spectra for non-liquid materials. Moreover, HRMAS allows us to use edited pulse sequences which, especially in the case of biological tissues or agrofood products, may provide a simultaneous information on polar and non-polar components without the need of preliminary sample extraction. Additionally, this technique may differentiate molecular species according to their degree of mobility in hydrated matrices. The evident versatile potential of the HRMAS NMR makes this technique particularly useful for life science molecular studies. Despite the focus of HRMAS has been greatly devoted on clinical biomedicine, materials chemistry, and metabolomics, there are already enough studies that show useful applications on agricultural issues. This report reviews the latest representative studies that employ HRMAS NMR on systems related to agricultural chemistry, requiring the characterization and dynamics of soil components, plant tissues, agrofood products, and in vivo organisms.Graphical abstractHR-MAS NMR represents a powerful and versatile spectroscopic technique, enabling the molecular evaluation of samples (in semi-solid state) of agricultural concern, such as plant tissues, soil components, vegetables, and agro-food products, as well as it permits the acquisition of multidimensional and multinuclear NMR spectra to be potentially combined with mathematical and computational exercises, including multivariate statistical analyses.